"The day has come for us to retire our 2022 Kia EV6 Long Term, clocking out with nearly 17,000 miles of mostly long-distance commuting after a year of plugging-in. In that time, we’ve had plenty of ups and only a few downs… so let’s recap. The worst of it was our issue with interrupted charging cycles. Fortunately, the cure was a free software update at our local dealer— and we’ve been worry-free ever since. The aero door handles are a little awkward since they don’t deploy automatically; but we’ve grown accustomed to them, only needing to help novice passengers.

The lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles have a shorter lifespan than other vehicle components, and the degradation mechanism inside these batteries reduces their life even more. Battery degradation is considered a significant issue in battery research and can increase the vehicle’s reliability and economic concerns. This study highlights the degradation mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries. The aging mechanism inside a battery cannot be eliminated but can be minimized depending on the vehicle’s operating conditions. Different operating conditions affect the aging mechanism differently. Knowing the factors and how they impact battery capacity is crucial for minimizing degradation. This paper explains the detailed degradation mechanism inside the battery first. Then, the major factors responsible for the degradation and their effects on the battery during the operation of electric vehicles are discussed. Also, the different techniques used to model the degradation of a battery and predict its remaining life are explained in-depth, along with the techniques to abate the aging process. Finally, this study focuses on the research gaps, difficulties in predicting the lifetime, and reducing the degradation mechanism of a battery used in electric vehicles.